Tribes of Tripura
These tribes incorporate Bhil, Bhutia, Chaimal, Chakma, Garo, Halam, Jamatia and Khasia. The Kuki including seventeen sub-tribes - Lepcha, Lushai, Magh, Munda, Noatia, Orang, Riang, Santhal, Tripuri and Uchai.
Among these, the prevailing tribes are Tripuri, Riang, Jamatia, Chakma, Halam, Noatia and Magh et cetera. Generally Tripura is possessed by Tripuri , Reang, Chakma, Mog, Halam and Murasin. Tripura a sloping State in the North-Eastern district of India is the country of diverse tribes.
There are 19(Nineteen) tribes in the State. They could be isolated into 2(two) noteworthy gatherings as (i) Ab-unique and (ii) Immigrants. All the native tribes have been relocated in this domain from a spot in the middle of Tibet,
The upper slopes of Burma like Arakan Hills Tracts and Shan State and neighboring China. Native tribes are Tripuri, Reang, Jamatia, Noatia, Lusai, Uchai, Chaimal, Halam, Kukis, Garos, Mog and Chakma are bordered by Tripura.
Different tribes like Bill, Munda, Orang, Santal, Lepcha, Khasia, Bhutias are the migrant tribes came and settled here for financial reasons. The vast majority of them are Central Indian Tribes and originated from Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal.
Some of these tribes are however Northern-Frontier tribes originated from Bhutan, Meghalaya, Sikkim and North Ben-gal. Chakmas and Mogs are Arakan Tribes entered Tripura through Chittagong Hills Tracts.
Phonetically tribes of Tripura could be partitioned into 3(three) gatherings (i) Bodo Groups, (ii) Kuki-Chin Groups and (iii) Arakan Groups. Tripuri, Reang, Jamatia, Uchai and Noatias are Mongoloid tribes and have a place with Bodo phonetic gathering of tribes.
The Kukis and Lusai are the tribes' that have majority under Halam tribes are phonetically has a place with Kuki-Chin bunch and talk in Kuki-button dialect. Mog and Chakmas talk in Arakan Language. By religion, the majority of the Tripura tribes take after Hinduism.
In any case, Lusai-Kukis are basically Christian. Chakmas and Mogs take after Buddhism.
Tribes in Tripura
1. Bhil Tribes
Bhills could be recognized as one of the Dravidian racial tribe of Western India and have a place with Austroloid gathering of tribes. They talk a dialect of Dravidian cause. In Tripura complete Bhill populace is 2,336 according to 2001 Census.
This tribe has relocated to Tripura from focal India mostly from Bihar and Madhya Pradesh. Their economy is incorporated with Tea greenery enclosure, Brickfield and Agriculture. Their significant fixations in Tripura are mostly in Akinpur of Belonia, Bagan Bazar of Khowai Sub-Division.
They are likewise found in North Tripura working in Tea gardens. Bhills are Hindus by religion. They pacify gods of woodland and underhandedness spirits adjacent to pujas of Lord Shiva and Durga. Little rates among them take after Christianity.
They cremate their dead took after arrangement of ceremonies according to their conventional traditions and accept. Bhills are likewise partial to move and music with customary tune of Flute and Drum. In all family and group services they appreciate entire night by drinking and moving.
Bhills in other piece of the nation are well proficient and appreciate present day weave of life.
2. Bhutias Tribes
Be that as it may, in course of time they cleared out Tripura to their unique country. Instantly under 2001 Census they are just 29 persons in Tripura. The greater part of them in Tripura are in Govt. occupation like paramilitary.
Couple of families are however lasting inhabitants of Tripura. Their relatives additionally live outside the State.
3. Chaimal Tribes
Chaimals have a place with the Cocaso-Mongoloid cause. They talk in a dialect began from Kuki-Chin gathering of dialect. Chaimal dialect has no distinction with that of Halams. They can comprehend and speak Kok-Borok,
Chaimal live on Jhum development also utilize plain land development. They are Hindus and take after all rituals and ceremonies according to Hindu traditions. Because of current weave of life, some educated persons of this group have taken Christianity as their religion.
Like different tribes, they have separate type of move, society melodies and music however exhibitions are exceptionally infrequent.
4. Chakma Tribes
A noteworthy piece of them however moved to Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh in course of time from their unique country. As per Census Report of 2001 Chakma populace in Tripura is 61,793. Among Chakma there are 3(three) noteworthy gatherings like (i) Anokia, (ii) Tandugia, and (iii) Mangla.
Semantically Chakma dialect is blended with advance expressions of Indu-Aryan dialect, Tibeto-Chinese and fundamentally Arakan dialect. Their dialect likewise be depicted as broken Bengali and Assamese dialect.
Chakma have their own particular script in Burmese Alpha wagers, however not being used rather Bengali script is being utilized and simple to learn. Financial exercises of Chakmas are brought together with jhum development, plain land development and monetary supporting works of vegetable developing.
Angling and pay acquiring are their occupation. Chakmas are additionally ex-energetic in catching creatures. They are understood for catching wild elephants. In Tripura, particularly in Gandacherra, a substantial number of Chakmas live as angler furthermore as boatman in Dumbur water zones.
5. Garo Tribes
Their significant movement occurred after 1950. At present their populace is 11,180 in Tripura. Their real focuses are at Udaipur Sub-Division and Sadar Sub-Division of Tripura. Ethnically Garos are a tribe of Tibeto-Burman phonetic family and under Mongoloid racial stock.
They are all that much acquainted with the tribes like Bodo-Cacheries, Ravas, Mikir and other North-East tribes. Garos are matrilineal tribe. The mother in the family is dealt with as tyrant leader of the gang. Property right along these lines goes to the following little girl of the crew.
Garos are Hindus by convention. Their socio - religious society are in this manner most similar to Hindu confidence and practices. Be that as it may, throughout the previous 50 years they in expansive scale changed over their confidence of religion towards Christianity.
Garos wan-function celebration has incredible significance in their life. At the point when new harvest enters their storehouse, the entire group commend this wangala celebration with brilliant move, tunes and music.
The long hand drum and other conventional musical instruments of Garos are truly commend commendable and tune of these instruments are melodious to the point that these makes an unceasing emotions personality a top priority.
6. Halam Tribes
Halams are separated into a few sub-factions which is alluded as "Barki-Halam". Significant sub-families of Halams are (1) Kaloi, (2) Kor-Bong, (3) Keipeng, (4) Bong, (5) Saka Chep, (6) Thanga chep, (7) Dab, (8) Bongser (9) Rupini, (10) Hrangkhawl, (11) Chorai, (12) Langai, (13) Kaireng, (14) Ranglong, (15) Naveen and (16) Khulang.
Among these tribes, according to 2001 Census their aggregate populace is 47,261 and conveyed through out the State. Halams are fundamentally Hindus and devotees of Sakti-clique however Vaishnavism is spreading among a sub's portion tribes like Murasingh,
Rupini and Kaloi. Be that as it may, Christianity is likewise being humiliated by Halams. Halams major concen tration are in Kamalpur, Sadar East, Molsom Bari and Kwipilong of Udaipur, Ampi, Ambassa and so on spots of distinctive Sub-Divisions.
Among Halams Kolai, Murasing, Rupini talk in Kok-Borok and their social and religious culture likewise comparative with Tripuris. Halams live in run of the mill "Tong Ghar" exceptionally made of bamboos and Chan grass.
Aside from plain land development despite everything they rehearse Jhum development and rely on upon both the exercises adjacent to other substitute works. Eligible age among Halams 21-24 for young men and 18-20 for young ladies.
According to conventional traditions regardless they respect their standard laws in setting up of marriage organizations together. They have their own social establishment and town committee. The gathering takes care of and sorts out the social's majority disagreements about area, wrongdoing against ladies and youngsters.
7. Jamatia Tribes
According to 2001 Census their populace in Tripura is 74,949 and regarded as fourth biggest tribal gathering of Tripura. Jamatia were the significant quality of Royal Army of Tripura kingdom for which they were exempted from the house charges amid regal state.
Prior Jamatias needed to live on Jhum Cultivation. Be that as it may, among the tribals of Tripura they usual themselves with furrow development after the Tripuris. At present the greater part of them rely on upon plain land development adjacent to partnered financial exercises.
Jamatias are Hindus and have grasped Sakti clique and Vaishnavism. "Hoda Akra" is their preeminent customary Social Institute, which has energy to care for to safeguard and advance their each Social taboos, Customs and religion.
All kind of social and criminal debate in the middle of the group individuals are likewise sorted by the 'Hoda'. Jamatias are attached to their customary society and recognition of those parts like Drama, Garia celebration and other regular moves of Kok-Borok talking tribes.
They have exceptional from of Garia move which mean their Hindu based religious society. A vast numbers among them takes after Vaishnavism and watch all occasions according to custom
8. Khashia Tribes
They live mostly at Kailashahar and Dharmanagar. In genuine sense, Khasis have no ethnic connection with other Tripura tribes. They are staying here from eighteenth Century for financial reason.
The Khasis in Tripura have their own greenery enclosure of Betal leaf, which is prevalently known as "Khasia Pan". Other than this manor work they used to back substantial number of cows. By religion, Khasis were Hindus however from last piece of eighteenth Century the vast majority of them humiliated Christianity and take after the religious exercises adjacent to their amnesic ceremonies and customs.
Their social life likewise has a vital part of Indian Culture.
9. Kuki Tribes
They never call them Lusai as "LU" means Head and "SAI" means cutting (Head Hunter). Despite the fact that once they were dealt with as headhunter. Darlong is another tribe known as Kukis. All together Kukis are 11,674 persons in Tripura.
They live in slope best and keep up their occupation through Jhum Cultivation and delivering natural products. presently a days they likewise usual with plain land development and raising of creatures. Kukis are all that much master in chasing of wild creatures.
They eat meat of any sort with delight. Etymologically they talk a dialect started from Kuki-Chin phonetic family and they have such a large number of tribes. Kukis are enamored with music and move. They buckle down in jhum field and appreciate move and music at group level.
They don't mastermind any marriage organizations together outside their group. Convention associate they were not Christian. They had confidence on master Shiva close to distinctive gods and spirits. However, throughout the previous fifty years dominant part of them have grasped Christianity.
They have their own standard laws and town board. LAL is a term to signify town boss. This is the explanation behind which Darlong use Lal before their name. The town Chief for the most part gets together all kind of social and religious question including debate identify with marriage and separation.
Kukis in the blink of an eye a little tribe in the state and socio-financially more propelled tribe.
10. Lepcha Tribes
In Tripura Lepchas are just 105 persons according to 2001 Census and fundamentally found in Dhalai District of Tripura. Lepchas are Mongoloid tribe. Their dialect is an admixture of Nepalees and Sikkims dialects, which is exceptionally acquainted with Indo-Chinese dialect.
They themselves call "Rong". The Lepchas live on raising extensive number of cows and milch bovines other than development of Agricultural and Horticultural yields. Initially Lepchas were the nature admirer and had faith in witch-craftship and spirits.
Be that as it may, at the appropriate time they humiliated Buddhism. In Tripura they are known as Nepalees and their social and group relationship likewise limited with Nepalees.
11. Lushai Tribes
In Tripura they are 4,777 persons according to 2001 Census. Their way of life is as like as Mizos. Jumpui Hill is Lusai's country. Lusai live on Jhum Cultivation and chasing of wild creature. They eat meat of any sort of creatures and winged animals.
They are additionally well known as orange creating group. Before others Lusai are known as Head Hunter group. Amid first piece of nineteenth Century the greater part of the Lusai's changed over as Christian and still take after Christianity as their religion.
Their Bamboo Dance (Cheraw-move) is all that much prominent in and outside the nation. Education rate among them similarly is higher then that of other minor tribes of Tripura. An extensive number among them could be found in Govt. occupations and other financial fields.
12. Mog Tribes
Their dialect is assembled under Tibeto-Chainese family, which has additionally connected with Assam-Burmese area of dialect. Mogs are relies on upon Jhum Cultivation. By nature they are no such a great amount of dynamic for progression of life.
They have social Administrative social board. Head of this gathering is called as Chowdhury. They cremate their dead in the wake of watching customs and ceremonies. Wah Festival is their yearly meeting of entire group individuals.
There is a blend of people tunes and move amid this celebration. Truth be told Mog's social society and conviction are unified with Burmese society. Their society stories and people melodies are truly psyche blowing and touches center of heart.
Mog group by custom acclaimed for their people pharmaceutical. Alongside their typical financial exercises some of them win through indigenous treatment/medication.
13. Munda Tribes
In Tripura Mundas were acquired to work Tea garden and in Brickfields amid the first piece of nineteenth Century by the then King of Tripura. Their present populace is 12,416 according to 2001 Census and primarily assembled at Kailashahar,
Manu Valley Tea Estate and other Tea Estates in the State. Mundas live in blended towns with different tribes. They make the most of their life amid working in Tea garden with group interest, gathering chasing with bow and arrow or bolts of wild creatures.
The winged creatures, gathering, moving and singing furthermore getting a charge out of nation alcohol independent of age bar in any service or celebration. Mundas are Hindus. They additionally have confidence in their conventional divinities.
In each Munda town there would be three vital elements (1) SARANA, (2) AKHRA and (3) SASAN. Other than PAHAN (Priest) have a vital part in the life of Mundas. Pahan care for every religious custom and ceremonies, group celebration, marriage, treatment by assuaging town divinities and memorial service rituals.
Mundas economy is hazard to the point that regardless they live close by to month. They often rely on upon town Mahajan. And still, at the end of the day, parcel of changes in their financial life could be watched now a days.
14. Noatia Tribes
Ethnically Noatias have comparative Origin of other Mongoloid tribes and their dialect is additionally Kok-Borok. It is said that Noatias is not their real tribe name. They were really Tripuris. Legend says that once an angry war was happened in the middle of the then Tripura lord and Arakan ruler.
In that fight Arakan lord took lead and caught several Tripuri armed force. They needed to stay at Arakan. Amid their stay they had contact with the neighborhood tribals for which their dialect and society were changed to some degree.
Till now in the life and society of Noatias impact of their old society are still found in their physical structure, skin shading, sustenance propensity, dialect, customs and ceremonies. Noatias have 11(eleven) noteworthy tribes.
These tribes are Anokia, Khaklu, Totaram, Murasing,Noatia, Deildak, Keowa, Garjan, Tongbai Kalicha and Aslong. Noatias are Hindus and watch all pujas and celebrations according to their convention and traditions.
Among them Vaishnamism likewise have incredible impact. They additionally watch Garia and Baisu celebrations like other Kok-Borok talking tribes. In Tripura Noatias are gathered in South Tripura and Longthorai Valley Sub-Division.
According to 2001 Census their populace in Tripura is 6655 persons. The principle reason is that Noatias in course of time took title as "Tripura".
15. Orang Tribes
Plantation works of Tea patio nursery and as workers of Brickfields. According to 2001 Census Orang are just 6,223 persons in the State. Orangs live in bunched town wherein there may be 30 to 50 families. They assembled their homes with mud divider, chan grasses and bamboos.
They don't keep any window in their home house and dependably keep their homes flawless and clean. Orangs talk in broken Hindi, which may be gathered under Australiod gathering of dialect. Be that as it may, in Tripura they don't talk in their dialect better feel smooth to talk in Hindi blended Bengali which have started from Dravidian crew.
Orang young ladies are affectionate to improve themselves with silver adornments and saries. They utilize blossoms for hair dressing. Orang sardar of a town go about as the town's head and take care of the prosperity of their group individuals.
Town cleric additionally go about as religious head and participate for settlement of marriage and marriage capacity. Amid the marriage, group dining experience is given by both the spouse and lady parties wherein colossal nature of alcohol is expended adjacent to late night tunes, music and moves independent age bar or men and ladies.
Orang's "Jhumur Dance" is all that much well known among all. Orang cremates their dead in the wake of watching arrangement of customs and ceremonies. Monetarily Orang is completely relies on upon compensation acquiring by dint of physical work.
Among them education rate is developing and monetary awareness is likewise in advancement. As being what is indicated in each extra of life Orang tribe dwelling Tripura is tuning in the improvement exercises of the State.
16. Reang Tribes
Additionally another gathering entered Tripura by means of Assam and Mizoram amid eighteenth Century. Reangs have a place with Indo-Mongoloid racial stock. Their dialect has fondness of Austro-Asiatic gatherings under Tibeto-Burman crew.
Ethnically Reangs are separated into 2(two) noteworthy factions (i) Meska and (ii) Molsoi. Their dialect is known as "Kaubru" which have a tonal impact of Kuki dialect however extensively it is Kok-Borok (dialect of men).
Reangs are still an itinerant tribe and a huge numbers among them keep up their employment including Top Hill Jhum Cultivation and other nourishment gathering exercises like accumulation of wilderness natural products, leaf, plants, angling in stagnant water in slope inclines, chasing of wild creatures and winged animals and so forth.
Actually in this manner, Reangs have confidence on distinctive divinities like Buraha, Bonirao, Songrame, Jampira, Mangisiri, Lampra and so on. There are likewise some female gods like Metaikotorma, Tuibuma, Mailoma, Ganga and so forth.
Reangs, along these lines have put stock in spirits and presence of soul. By religion they are Hindus and the greater part of their gods are much the same as god and goddesses of Hindu confidence. Among Reangs devotees of Vaishnavism are found in great numbers.
Reangs generally are endogamous and don't wed outside their group. The town committee cheif is known as "RAI" grants Divorce and Widow Marriage. They cremate their dead next to a waterway or charra in the wake of watching arrangement of customs and ceremonies and memorial service parade.
17. Santal Tribes
According to 2001 Census Santals are just 2,151 persons in Tripura. They mostly packed in Simna and Mechliban Tea Garden regions of Sadar Sub-Division and different spots in the State. Their fundamental occupation is to work in Tea garden territory.
They are Hindus by religion and supporters of Shakti-Cult. Holi is their fundamental celebration when they appreciate Haria (one kind of nation alcohol) and move in-gathering with the tune of drum and sing-their conventional melodies.
Next to Santals have animistic confidence being passed on from era to era. They have their minister who goes about as religious head. Among them impact of Christianity is likewise not strange. Agribusiness and Hunting of wild creatures maintain their extra sustenance necessity.
Truth be told the greater part of them don't have land. Land typically apportioned by Tea garden proprietor outside the greenery enclosure for the most part developed by them to create paddy and vegetable. Santals cremate their dead.
The Christian Santals burry the dead. If there should arise an occurrence of death because of serious illnesses, unplanned demise or pre-full grown passing, bodies are covered. After cremation, bones and fiery debris are acquired a woods over which a stone slave is set in the memory of the deceased.
The Santals are peace-cherishing tribe and live respectively with different groups in a tranquil conjunction.
18. Tripuri Tribes
Tripura was under tenet of Tripuri Kings till it is converged with Indian Dominion in the year 1949. Ethnically Tripuris have a place with Indo-Mongoloid root and etymologically inside of the Tibeto-Burman crew. They talk in Kok-Borok as like as other 7(seven) tribal gatherings of Tripura.
Tripuris are predominantly Hindus. They take after both the ShaktiCult Vaishnavism. Next to they have confidence in distinctive gods, rituals and customs customarily took after by them from time immemorial. Garia, Kharchi, Ker are their primary celebrations.
They have vivid society moves like, Garia, Lebang, Musak Surmani, Tangbiti and Mamita. These moves are strengthened with sweet molodies of society tunes and music of woodwind, Sarinda, Champreng and other string instruments.
Once Tripuri society was controlled by the local social gatherings, which had energy to practice on over all social and monetary question among the group individuals. Indeed the head of these committees were chosen by the then lords of Tripura.
However, because of majority rule set up, now a days, these gatherings have no presence. A wide range of minor issues are worked after by Village Panchayat or by other Legal Bodies. Because of social moves in all circle of life especially in the field of Agriculture,
The Socio-Cultural life, financial life, education or instructive and well being mindfulness, tip top part and so on are the culture and lifestyle of Tripura. Tripuris are presently regarded as a progressed tribal group among the tribes of Tripura.
19. Uchui Tribes
The Dialect and society of Uchais are likewise comparable with other Kok-Borok talking tribes like Reang, Tripuris, Jamatias and so on. Uchais likewise live in Tong (Gaireng) house fabricated or chan grass and bamboos.
Customarily Uchais were Jhum Cultivators and still practice Jhum in high tillas and slants. In Jhum they used to create all that they needs. Despite everything they rely on upon numerous other financial and nourishment gathering exercises in the woods.
They chase wild creatures, fowls while work in jhum field. The Uchais live in bunched towns. In one town there may be most extreme 50 families living respectively. In the family, independent of youthful and senior part, there exists an agreeable and well known connection.
Significant works in the family are by and large done by mother. Father stays occupied with monetary exercises. Ladies in the family including young men and young ladies assist their with fatherring and mother for works in the jhum field and other household lives up to expectations.
Marriage among Uchais held amid the age of 16-20 yrs, beforehand there was a compulsory standard for staying of spouse in the place of father-in-laws before the last marriage and suitable lady cost was to be given.
Be that as it may, now a days this framework is not common. The social chamber of Uchais was all that much unbending at one purpose of time yet his sort social organization is not all that dynamic at this point.
Uchais take after Hinduism in board sense. They put stock in god and just as super common strengths. Their real gods are Radhak, Garia, Ker, Ganga Puja, Naksu Motai and so on. Among them couple of families converted to Christianity and take after religious occasions according to Christian Calendar.
As per Hindu religious thought, Uchais arrange their dead body by cremation subsequent to taking after rituals and ceremonies and memorial service parade.
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