Tribes in Nagaland - Part 1
The Chakhesangs were before known as Eastern Angamis and are a blend of the Chakri, Khezha and Sangtam sub-tribes. Presently the Chakhesang tribe is spilt further; Pochury's who were prior a piece of it now guarantee an unmistakable substance.
Every tribe has their own particular dialects and social components. Education is 61.30 %. The populace has demonstrated a relentless upward trend.The Naga's have diverse stories about their birthplace. The Angamis, Semas, Rengams and the Lotha's subscribe to the Kheza-Kenoma legend.
It is said that the town had an expansive stone section having supernatural properties. Paddy spread on it to be dried multiplied in amount by night. The three children of the couple who possessed the stone utilized it by pivot.
One day there was a fight between the children as to whose turn it seemed to be. The couple, dreading carnage, set flame to the stone which therefore split. It is trusted that the soul in the stone went to paradise and the stone lost its supernatural properties.
The three children from that point left Kheza-Kenoma, went in diverse bearings and turned into the ancestors of the Angami, Sema and the Lotha tribes. As indicated by another legend, to whichLotha the western Angamis subscribe, the first man developed from a lake called Themiakelku zie close Khonoma.
The Rengmas trust that up to this point they and Lothas framed one tribe. The Aos and the Phoms follow their beginning to the Lungterok (six stones) on the Chongliemdi slope. A few individuals trust that these Indo-Mongoloids are "kiratas" as often as possible specified in the old Sanskrit writing of whom "Nagas" were a sub-tribe.
The slope tribes in the zones now known as Nagaland had no non specific term pertinent to the entire race. "Naga" was given to these slope tribes by the fields individuals. This ended up being an awesome binding together constrain to the tribes now delegated Naga.
Nagas are of sub-medium stature, the facial record is low, the nasal list compares to a medium nose, the hair is for the most part straight, the skin is earthy yellow. The eyes altogether don't indicate Mongolian structure.
It could comprehensively be said that they are straight forward individuals, legit, dedicated, solid and with an exclusive requirement of respectability. They are inadequate in lowliness and are slanted to compare a kind and thoughtful methodology with shortcoming.
The Nagas have an extremely solid feeling of sense of pride and would not submit to anybody riding roughshod over their estimations. The Angamis are politically the most cognizant gathering. The Zeliang and Pochury tribes in Kohima area are similarly basic and unsophisticated.
The Tuensang tribes are un-spoilt offspring of nature. A striking normal for the Naga tribes is their accommodation and sparkle. To be welcomed with a grinning face while going on the streets is a typical ordeal.
A guest to Naga town is generously gotten and entertained with a surfeit of rice-brew, which is for the most part served by the woman of the house or her young girl with a glow which is extraordinary.
Tribes of Nagaland
1. The Ao Tribe
As indicated by the 2010 enumeration of India, Ao Nagas number 231,823. Ao Nagas are found in the north-eastern piece of Nagaland, basically in the focal Mokokchung District furthermore a couple are found in the adjoining Assam state.
Mokokchung, one of the regions in Nagaland, is considered as the home of the Ao Naga tribe. It covers a range of 1,615 km2 and is limited by Assam to its north, Wokha to its west, Tuensang to its east, and Zunheboto to its south.
The physiography of the locale demonstrates six unmistakable slope ranges which are pretty much parallel to one another and keep running in the south-east course. With the entry of Christian ministers in the nineteenth century the Ao were a percentage of the soonest changes over to Christianity among the other Naga tribes.
Numerous got to be Christians in the 1870s. Today, Aos are very nearly 100 percent Christians, the dominant part being Baptists. Numerous Ao individuals have attempted minister work in different zones too.
2. The Angami Tribe
The Angami Nagas are slope individuals depending essentially on development and domesticated animals raising. The Angamis are known for terraced wet-rice development; in light of this work escalated development, area is the most vital type of property among them.
They are one of the main two gatherings of Nagas out of the seventeen who practice wet-rice development on porches made on the slope slants. This permits them to develop the same plot a seemingly endless amount of time.
They depend, to a little degree, on slice and-blaze development. Angamis were customarily warriors. The Angami men invested the greater part of their energy in fighting with antagonistic towns and taking heads.
Since 1879, when the British succeeded in attaching their region, the between town quarrels have arrived at an end. With the presentation of Christianity in the area a few Angamis changed their confidence to Christianity.
Social stratification is not saw in the Angami group. Generally, property was separated just as among children with little girls additionally getting an offer; in advanced families it is shared among youngsters.
The most youthful male in the family acquires the parental home. Kithoki, which implies he is in charge of their consideration until they pass away. The Angamis praise a ten-day celebration called Sekrenyi(sometimes additionally called Phousanyi) in February.
The term Sekrenyi truly implies blessing celebration (sekre = purification; nyi = feast; thenyi = celebration). The celebration takes places after the harvest and falls on the twenty-fifth day of the month Kezei (January–February).
3. The Chang Tribe
As per oral custom, the Changs rose up out of a spot called Changsangmongko, and later settled at Changsang. The word Chang is said to have determined the word chognu (banyan tree), after a legendary banyan tree that developed at the now-deserted Changsang.
Another hypothesis says that the Chang moved to present-day Nagaland from the east, and consequently call themselves Chang ("Eastern" in the neighborhood vernacular). A few Changs likewise assert the Aos as their progenitors. The Chang old stories is like that of the Ao.
The customary domain of the Changs lies in the focal Tuensang region. Their important town was Mozungjami/Hakű in Tuensang, from which the tribe extended to alternate towns. As per the 2001 figures, their populace was 16,075 .
Starting 2001, around 99.5% of the Changs were Christians. On the other hand, the Chang tribals were initially animists. They had faith in a coherence between the people, the nature and the powerful powers. These Tribes love the Nature very much and they devote it.
They don't adore any family, tribe or town divinities. Be that as it may, they have faith in a few nature spirits (water, sky, wilderness and so on.) The most critical soul is Sampule Mukhao (or Shambuli Muhgha), the soul of the paddy field.
Generally, the Ongbou (the town minister from the Ong tribe) performed significant penances amid the celebrations. The Chang transformations to Christianity began in 1936, and the Chang Naga Baptist Association was framed in 1940.
The Changs talk the Chang dialect, which has a place with the Tibeto-Burman crew. Nagamese is utilized for corresponding with the untouchables. The informed Changs additionally communicate in English and Hindi dialects.
After the appearance of Christianity, a few Changs have embraced present day dress. The conventional Chang dress elements unmistakable shawl-like articles of clothing and ornamented headgear. The Changa Tribe are very cultured and traditional tribal people.
Colonel Ved Prakash notice that the Chang shawls "surpass all the Naga shawls in excellence and eye-getting examples". The shawl plans are distinctive for diverse age gatherings and tribes. Mohnei, a cowrie-ornamented shawl, could be worn just by a man who had taken more than 6 heads
4. The Konyak Tribe
The Konyak's celebration Aoleang falls in the month of April from 1 to 6. Aoleang is the greatest celebration for them. They wear their conventional dreses and sing people tune to praise the Aoleang celebration.
The Konyaks can be found in Myanmar, in the Tirap and Changlang regions of Arunachal, and in the Mon region of Nagaland, India. They are referred to in Arunachal as Wancho Konyak. The Konyak dialect fits in with the Northern Naga subbranch of the Sal subfamily of Sino-Tibetan.
Known as head seekers of North East India. In the later past, they were known as war cherishing and frequently assaulted close-by towns of different tribes taking the heads of restricting warriors as trophies to hang in the Morong (a public house).
The quantity of heads showed the force of a warrior and the tribe and turns into an aggregate totem. Except for these practices, the tribal individuals keep up an extremely restrained group existence with strict obligations and obligations regarding each person.
5. The Lotha Tribe
As indicated by this hypothesis said by Hokishe Sema, the Lothas began moving out from the Eastern piece of China, going through Malaysia, Indonesia and Burma on the way. After numerous long years of development, they came to a spot called Khezakhenoma situated in the middle of Manipur and Chakesang (the present-day Phek), where they settled for a brief time of time.
From Khezakhenoma they moved towards the present day settlement of the Lothas ie. Wokha where they at long last settled. This hypothesis, specified by T. Phillips, says that the Lothas relocated from Manchuria, going through the foothills of the Himalayas and came to Manipur by means of Burma. From Manipur, they moved out and settled at the present day place
The Lothas precursors lived in a spot called Lenka, arranged east of the Naga region (present day Nagaland). Over the span of relocation the Lothas split into two gatherings. The primary gathering, in the wake of coming to the Brahmaputra Valley, settled there while the second gathering went towards the bumpy area of the present day Nagaland.
The Lothas, Sangtams, Rengmas and the Sumis have a typical precursor and had abided commonly as one in their past. In any case, at some stage in their course of relocation from Lenka, the Sangtams chose to go separate routes from a spot called Mao
The Lothas, alongside the other Naga tribes, came to the present-day Kohima and settled at a spot called Lezama. This is the spot where the Semas separated with the other Naga tribes and the Lothas with the Rengmas settled at a slope called Themoketsa (the Lothas called this spot Honoyonton).
Here the Rengmas went separate ways from the Lothas. One gathering of Lothas went towards Doyang, going through towns like Shaki and Phiro. The other gathering moved towards the sloping district of the present Wokha and settled at a spot called Longchum close to the Niroyo town.
Nearby customs say that the Rengmas and the Lothas were once some piece of a solitary tribe.[5] There are likewise oral records of a strong battle between the consolidated Rengma towns, and the Lotha town of Phiro.
Wokha is the conventional home of the Lotha tribe. Lothas are eminent for their beautiful moves and people tunes. The male individuals wear shawls demonstrating their economic wellbeing. The prestigious social shawl for ladies is Opvuram and Longpensu for men.
In the same way as other Nagas, the Lothas working on headhunting in the more seasoned days. After the entry of Christianity, they surrendered this practice. In spite of the fact that most of the Lothas are Baptist, there exist a moderate measure of different types of Christianity like the Catholics.
Catholics are gathered more in Wokha than in different parts of Nagaland.
6. The Sumi Tribe
They are likewise a standout amongst the most united tribe and the most forceful tribe. Since times immemorial, alternate tribes of Nagas have dreaded the Sumi tribe. In spite of their savagery and forceful nature in fighting,
The Sumi Tribe is additionally known for their straightforwardness and trustworthiness. Their dedication towards their tribesmen and companions is unparalleled. The Sumi Tribe are also the Nature lovers and they enjoy Nature every time they watch it.
The Sumis working on headhunting like other Naga tribes before the landing of the Christian evangelists and their consequent change to Christianity. Anthropological investigation of the Sumi tribe is archived in the book The Sema Nagas by J. H. Hutton, who was a Professor of Social Anthropology in the University of Cambridge.
The Sumi is one of the perceived planned tribes of India. As indicated by the 2011 enumeration of India, Sumi Nagas number 300,000.The tribal religion of the Sumis was the love of nature. With the entry of Baptist evangelists in the twentieth century, as other Naga tribes, today, Sumis are 99.9% Christians. Not very many of despite everything them rehearse animism.
The Sumis celebrate numerous celebrations which have been conveyed down from eras. The vast majority of these celebrations more often than not stamp the start of new seasons, gathering of new harvests or triumph at war.
The two noteworthy celebrations that are as of now well known among them are Tuluni & Ahuna. Sumi Nagas for the most part occupy the focal and southern areas of Nagaland. Zunheboto is the locale of the Sumis and they additionally live in regions,
Places like Dimapur, Kohima, Kiphire, Mokokchung, Tuensang, and so on. These Tribal peoples live in these Regions. There are additionally seven Sumi towns in Tinsukia District of Assam. Sumis have two diverse group heads, viz. Swu (Sumi) and Tuku (Tukumi)
7. The Chakhesang Tribe
It is a noteworthy tribe in Nagaland. The vast majority of the towns of this tribes falls under the Phek District and Pfutsero,Chozuba sub-division of Nagaland. The tribe is fundamentally isolated into two gatherings known as "Chokri" and "Khezha".
Initially chakhesang comprised of three noteworthy sub-tribe, in particular "chokri", "khezha" and "sangtam", from where the word chakhesang originated from, taking the first syllable of every tribe to be specific "cha" from "chokri", "khe" from "khezha" and "sang" from "sangtam".
Presently chakhesang comprise of two noteworthy gathering "chokri" and "khezha" and one minor gathering "zhamai" or "zhavame", who fit in with Poumai Naga tribe living prevalently in Manipur. The chakhesang tribes are fundamentally found in the phek area of nagaland, however two Chakhesang towns are in Ukrul region, Manipur.
Chakhesang is a Naga tribe found in Nagaland, India. The word Chakhesang involves three tribes: cha - Chakri, Khe - Khezha, Sang - Sangtam. The Chakhesang Tribe commends seven celebrations in a year, every one of the celebrations are in view of the agricutural cycle.
The Sukrunye is the most critical celebration, which is commended in the first month of the year. Customarily the Sukrunye celebration covers 19 long days, beginning from Nyede to Vuta Zhongu. Nonetheless it has been currently limited to a 6 day occasion.
"SUKRU" suggests purification of father by performing the accompanying formal function During the ceremonial service everything new is utilized incorporating utensils and hearth with three logs of one and half feet network and 2 ft long.
The men are illegal to utilize water got by ladies. The men society go to the town well at a young hour in the morning before any creature or feathered creatures touch the water and scrub down. In the wake of blessing themselves, the clean water is brought home by them.
A flame is lit by the conventional flame making technique and an unblemished chicken is slaughtered, cooked with the heavenly water and eaten to purify the young men for whatever is left of their lives. These are traditional Tribal people of Nagaland.
8. The Khiamniungan Tribe
They were likewise called Kelu-Kenyu ("slate-house tenants") amid the British Raj. The birthplace of the Khiamniungans, similar to that of other Naga tribes, is unverifiable. There are no composed records of their history before the British Raj days, and the main wellspring of data about their progenitors are oral conventions in type of folktales and myths.
As per a common misconception, Khiamniungan signifies "wellspring of incredible waters" - the spot from where the early precursors of Khiamniungan are said to have developed. This spot is distinguished close Lengnyu-Tsuwao towns over looking from the present day Noklak and Pathso towns.
Today, the Khiamniungans involve the easternmost piece of India and northwestern piece of Myanmar. In India, they are found in Tuensang region of Nagaland state. They are connected semantically and additionally socially to the Tibeto-Burman.
Amid the British Raj, the Khiamniungans were alluded to as "Kalyu Kanyu", especially in progress of anthropologists, for example, Christoph von Fürer-Haimendorf. Dissimilar to a few other Naga tribes, the approach of Christianity had little effect on the Khiamniungan for quite a while,
Because of their remote area. the principal Khiamniungan to change over to Christianity was Khaming, in 1947. From that point, various Khiamniungans changed over to Christianity. After the happening to the new instruction framework, social framework, modernization and Christianity, there have been uncommon changes in their social life.
The conventional Khiamiungan clothing comprises of brilliant red and splendid dark blue shaded dresses. The trimmings are made of cowries and conch shells. The tribal musical instruments incorporate drums made of gourds and bamboo woodwinds.
The Khiamniungan tribals, who customarily honed jhum development (cut and blaze horticulture), praise the Miu celebration at the season of sowing. They offer supplications to God for a decent harvest.Tsokum is the week-long collect celebration of the tribe, celebrated in October.
The celebration incorporates moving, singing, cleaning, repair of the streets, and open air cooking and eating. In this celebration the individuals conjure god's gift for an abundant harvest in future.
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